有機耕作? Organic Farming?



甚麼是有機耕作?
「有機耕作」這個名稱在近年愈為市民及農民所認識,一般我們會將其理解為「沒有使用化學農藥及化學肥料的耕作方法」。但深入點理解,「有機耕作」是一種經濟、社會和環境三方面得到平衡,透過促進生物多樣性和土壤生物活動,盡量減少外來投入,從而達到農民有足夠收入、消費者可以享受健康而優質的蔬菜和自然環境得到保育的耕種方法。
根據聯合國糧農組織(FAO)世界衛生組織(WHO)所組成,以制定食物標準為工作的食物法典委員會(CODEX),於1999年訂定,在2001年修訂的《有機食品生產、加工、標籤及銷售指引》:

「有機耕種是一套整全的農業生產管理系統,它會改善農場的生態系統,包括生物多樣性、生物循環及泥中的生物活動。它強調管理操作,而非靠投入外來物料,且考慮到各地區本土系統的需要而作適應配合。它會以農業、生物或者機械方法來代替人工合成的物質以進行農耕活動。」
另外,國際有機農業聯盟的《IFOAM有機生產及加工基本標準》(2002年版),可以豐富我們對有機耕種的理解:「有機農業是一套基於一定程序的整全系統,它的結果是可持續的生態系統、安全的食物、良好的營養、動物福利與及社會公義。故此有機農業,不單只是一套容許或不容許使用某些物質的生產系統。」
有機耕作講求的是經驗和技術,生產者無論在播種時間、品種選擇、輪種計劃、生物防治等方面,都需要經過計劃並掌握作物的生長特性,才會種出健康及強壯的作物。因此,有機耕種是一門跨專業的學問,內裡包含農業、生物及環境科學等方面的知識。


資料來源:香港有機資源中心

What is Organic Farming?

The public are getting more familiar with the term "Organic Farming". Many people would perceive it as "a farming method avoiding the application of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers". However, Organic Farming has a deeper meaning that this farming method when getting a deeper understanding on Organic Farming, it is actually a holistic agricultural system that can achieve a balance in the economic, social and environmental aspects through the improvement of biodiversity and soil organisms' activities and the reduction of external material inputs to the system resulting in a self sustained income level for farmers, safe food production for consumers and a sustainable ecological environment.
According to (CODEX) which is formed by (FAO) and (WHO) in formulating food standards, the "Guidelines for the Production, Processing and Labeling and Marketing of Organically Produced Foods" revised in 2001:
"Organic Farming is a holistic agricultural system emphasizing on the ecological balance of human beings and its environment for food production."
Furthermore, the IFOAM Basic Standards for Organic Production and Processing (version 2002) published by IFOAM can enrich our understanding on organic farming. It defines Organic farming is a set of agricultural system that allows sustainability of the ecosystem, food production, good nutrition, animal welfare and social justice.


Organic farming demands experience and techniques in farming. The producers shall plan and grasps the characteristics of crops in the crop selection, crop rotation and pest control aspects.


Source: HKORC